Religious Hate Crimes in the U.S. Penal System

Nowjavan, Mohamad Reza; Beigi, Jamal; Pour Ghahraman, Babak

doi:10.22034/jccj.2023.397977.1272

Religious Hate Crimes in the U.S. Penal System

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mohamad Reza Nowjavan ¹

Jamal Beigi ²

babak pour ghahraman ³

¹ Ph.D Student, Department of Criminal Law & Criminology, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran.

² Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law & Criminology, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran. (Corresponding Author)

³ Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law & Criminology, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran.

10.22034/jccj.2023.397977.1272

Abstract

Islamophobia refers to fear, hatred or discrimination against the religion of Islam or Muslims, especially when viewed as a geopolitical force or source of terrorism. Many scholars see Islamophobia as a form of xenophobia or racism. The question we are looking for in this article is whether Islamophobia can be placed under the category of hate crimes. The findings of this research, which were conducted by descriptive-analytical method and by collecting information from library sources, indicate that Islamophobia is equivalent to racism and in other words, in the United States we are faced with a race called Muslim regardless of other components related to race. To combat this view, a regulation has been adopted to counter religious hate behavior.

Keywords

Hate Crime

Islamophobia

United States