Mediation is one of the dispute resolution methods that due to its benefits has been welcomed by litigants. Mediation has been considered by perspicuous religion of Islam because Islam religion seeks compromise and altruism. Mediation has can be expressed in two criminal and legal mediations. Compared to arbiteration, it can be said that the dispute resolution method is similar to arbiteration. However, there are also differences in some aspects. The differences is that arbitration is used in legal claims but mediation is applied in both legal and criminal claims. Considering the similarities and differences in these two dispute resolution institutions, it can be considered that in some cases you can refer to arbitration or mediation and resolve the disputes. In present study, the similarities and differences of arbitration and mediation in legal and criminal cases have been determined by descriptive and analytical method. The purpose of this study is to explain the application of the abovementioned methods in resolving disputes, because only in the light of this analysis it can be known which method can be used by litigant to resolve the dispute.