In the past, when someone committed a crime, the only purpose of punishment was to punish that person. With the passage of time and the progress of human societies and the increase in crime, the experts in this field came to the conclusion that in addition to punishment, sanctions should be used that cause intimidation for the person and others so that they do not repeat the crime in the future. Imprisonment, along with the possible negative effects of technological progress, can be used as a place for training and learning job skills for imprisoned people. If the procedure of the prisons does not change, the prisoners will be ready to commit new crimes after their release by being influenced by each other. One of the bad effects that prison has on convicts is creating a criminal record for a convicted person, who will be deprived of many social rights after release, and will face serious problems even to hire a new job. The main goal of this research is to identify the impact of imprisonment on recidivism by using identity theories and the theoretical foundations of social harms such as anomie, social control, social conflict, labeling, etc. In an attempt to investigate the causes and factors of recidivism, descriptive-analytical methods and library sources have been used in this research. The results indicate that identity theories, especially the influence of people's lifestyle through the creation of emotional cohesion in a person, have a significant relationship with the occurrence of crimes and recidivism of prisoners.