One of the forms of resumption of criminal proceedings is the resumption of proceedings by the head of the judiciary, which is called official proceedings. This type of resumption of proceedings, which is proposed in Article 477 of the Criminal Procedure Law, has always been the subject of discussion and criticism. The purpose of this article is to examine the jurisprudential foundations and its legal challenges. This article is descriptive and analytical and it has investigated the mentioned subject by using the library method. The findings of the article indicate that Imam Khomeini's point of view regarding the renewability of lawsuits, preventing corruption in the issuance of court rulings and the lack of jurisdiction of the ruler are the most important jurisprudential bases for resuming judicial proceedings, but this is facing many legal challenges. Ignoring the principle of correspondence and fair trial and the contradiction with the principle of the certainty of votes and the creation of uncertainty in the votes and the lack of explanation of the concept of contrary to Sharia between in Article 477 are among the most important legal challenges of resuming the proceedings of the authority in the mentioned article. It is necessary that the reinstatement of the official proceedings in the criminal procedure law is limited only to heavy sentences such as execution, retribution and stoning, in order to support the convicted person and not the plaintiff.