The purpose of this article is to examine the place of order and public interest in criminalization in Iranian jurisprudence and criminal law and European law. The present article is descriptive and analytical and has investigated the mentioned subject by using the library method. The results indicate that from the point of view of jurisprudence, expediency and public order, public security is one of the important foundations of criminalization. From the point of view of the subject law, social necessity and benefit, along with public order and security, is one of the most important bases of criminalization. In European law, the principle of harm, the prohibition of disturbing others, the principle of protecting the rights of the general public is the main basis of criminalization, which itself is the basis of order and public interest. The important and subtle difference between Iranian jurisprudence and criminal law and European law is that in Iranian jurisprudence and criminal law, the emphasis is on public order and expediency, but in the European Union, the emphasis is on public benefit. Public interest is one of the words that is ambiguous to a great extent and is very open to interpretation, but public interest generally includes benefit and public good. The vagueness and breadth of the concept of public interest sometimes causes maximum criminalization.