This research was conducted with the aim of etiology of recidivism by prisoners of Tehran province. One of the basic issues of research among the prisoners of Tehran province is what factors should be done so that the repetition of crimes by the prisoners does not occur? The present article was conducted in a survey manner using a researcher-made questionnaire tool. Its statistical content was all the prisoners of Tehran province, who were selected by stratified random sampling. The validity of the questions was measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and was analyzed using spss software. The findings showed that nowadays the prison punishment has lost its intimidating aspect, and accordingly, it is necessary for the prison punishment to pursue a correctional goal in the case of criminals. Imprisoning criminals if it is not accompanied by progressive reform programs will not have a positive result in terms of preventing crime. The result of this research indicates that 34% return to prison in the province and the main reason for that is the failure to properly implement correctional and educational programs in prisons due to the inflation of the prison population.