Protection of animal species is one of the important topics in religious fields and criminal sciences, which has gained more attention in recent years. The aim of this research is to examine the protection of animal species from the perspective of Quranic teachings and modern critical criminology. This article is descriptive-analytical and utilizes a library-based research method. The findings showed that Quranic teachings emphasize the preservation of animal species and their survival, view animal species as signs of God, recognize a shared purpose in the lives of animals, equate animals with humans, forbid cruelty and oppression towards animals, and prohibit purposeless and excessive hunting. Moreover, these teachings stress the value and respect for all living creatures and consider the preservation of biodiversity as one of the responsibilities of humanity. in addition to these teachings, modern critical criminology, through the concepts of green criminology, green cultural criminology, species justice, wildlife criminology, climate change criminology, and social harm (zemiology), critiques and analyzes social and economic structures as well as the destructive and cruel behaviors of humans and governments towards animal species. It seeks to challenge these behaviors and provide solutions for preventing crimes against animals and protecting them. the results of the research indicate that the alignment of religious teachings with modern criminological findings can lead to the creation of an effective framework for the protection of animal species and their natural habitats.