This research aims to investigate the goals governing the punishments that take away liberty and life. Every society, since its inception, has provided rights and privileges for its people and obliges everyone to comply with them. However, it is not the case that everyone always respects the rights of others and does not violate the rights and privileges of others. Now, if some people are not satisfied with their rights and disrupt the established order and balance by violating the rights of others, the society must react and punish such violators. Therefore, punishment is one of the factors of maintaining order and people's rights. This is why since the beginning of society, the penal system has been one of the foundations of every society. However, the limits of the realization of the goals of punishment in the punishments of deprivation of liberty and life are not clear. For this purpose, the current research has investigated and deeply investigated this category by using the analytical-descriptive method and with an inferential approach. The findings of the research indicate that among the punishments provided in jurisprudence and criminal law, the two punishments that take life and the punishment that take away liberty are among the most severe punishments. In predicting these two types of punishment, the legislator and the Shariah have taken into account different goals, which can be pointed out to reform the criminal, achieve justice, prevent repetition, etc.