In recent decades, patients' rights, as one of the important branches of human rights and civil rights, have attracted special attention at the international and national levels. This growing attention is due to the extensive developments in the field of medicine, the advances of new technologies in the field of treatment, and the increase in public awareness of individual and human rights. The main question that is raised and examined in this regard is what are the examples of criminal support of the legislative criminal policy for the rights of the patient and what is the approach of the legislative criminal policy in this regard? This article is descriptive-analytical and uses a library method to examine the mentioned question. The findings indicate that in Iran's legislative criminal policy, in order to decriminalize and decriminalize crimes related to patients' rights, measures have been taken in favor of doctors, and this has to some extent destroyed the desired balance and equilibrium in the legislative criminal policy against medical crimes, and patients' rights have received less attention compared to the rights of doctors and medical personnel. The multiplicity of laws and legislative authorities, the lack of expertise and specialization, the disproportion between crime and punishment, the lack of transparency of the principles of physician criminal liability, and most importantly, the excessive emphasis on job security and doctors' rights are among the most important challenges facing patients' rights in Iran's legislative criminal policy.