The importance of examining the legal framework for the conservation of the Iraqi Marshlands stems from the challenges facing these wetlands—which are designated as a World Heritage site—including drought, water pollution, human encroachment, and the impact of upstream nations. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of the Iraqi legal framework in providing tangible guarantees for the sustainable conservation and management of the Marshlands. The core issue lies in the gap between stated legal provisions and the mechanisms for enforcement and accountability on the ground. The research employs a descriptive-analytical approach to examine relevant Iraqi laws and regulations—such as the Law on the Protection and Improvement of the Environment and the Water Resources Law—while also analyzing conflicting institutional roles. The study concludes that the current legal framework lacks sufficient and effective safeguards, primarily due to the absence of a dedicated "Marshlands Law" that would provide comprehensive protection. This has resulted in a fragmentation of authority among the Ministries of Environment, Water Resources, and Agriculture, as well as the lack of a unified, accountable, and overarching administrative body. Furthermore, the existing oversight mechanisms and punitive measures are weak and lack sufficient deterrent effect, facilitating local violations—such as the draining of wetlands and overfishing—without effective accountability.