It is well recognized that crimes against humanity constitute some of the gravest violations threatening international peace and security. They strike at the core values ​​shared by the international community, as they directly target human dignity and affect large segments of the civilian population. Although the concept has existed since the Nuremberg trials following the Second World War, the task of establishing a precise, comprehensive definition—and codifying it within a binding legal instrument—has remained a subject of extensive debate within international legal scholarship and among international law-making institutions for decades, with numerous academic and institutional attempts yielding little tangible success. In this context, the United Nations International Law Commission (ILC)—a primary body tasked with the codification and development of public international law—has played a pivotal role. The Commission has been instrumental in formulating a draft law on crimes against humanity, providing comprehensive drafts that reflect an international consensus on the definition of these crimes, their material and mental elements, and the obligations incumbent upon states to prevent them and punish their perpetrators, thereby serving as a means of deterrence and restraint.