Victims of environmental crimes are one of the important subjects of criminology that have received less attention. Based on this, the aim of this article is to examine the approach of jurisprudence, Iranian criminal law and international criminal law towards the victims of environmental crimes. This article is descriptive and analytical and has investigated the mentioned subject by using the library method. The findings indicate that in jurisprudence, the protection of multiple elements of nature including water, soil and land, animal species and plants as victims of environmental crimes has been emphasized in Iranian criminal law, considering the novelty of the legal identification of the concept of guilt. Seeing in its modern sense, as well as the novelty of paying attention to environmental crimes, the victims of such crimes are less recognized as victims of environmentally destructive behaviors, and the adoption of a protective criminal policy, especially. It is not on the agenda of the criminal policy-making system. Protection of victims of environmental crimes in Iran is limited to minor crimes and the scope of impact is limited to one or more specific persons, and the scope of legislative protection includes the dimensions of many victims of macro-environmental crimes, such as residents of a city or region. In the international documents, many environmental documents have been approved, but the attacks of the victims of environmental crimes are limited to international crimes and under the banner of this category of crimes.