Fear of Crime research in Afghanistan social research is a nascent concept and there is no diverse perspective to explain fear  of crime. The purpose of this study is to investigate the social factors affecting fear of crime among the citizens of Kabul. The data of the current research have been collected through a survey using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens aged 16 years and older in Kabul. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 913 people and the sampling method was a simple multi-stage cluster method selected from the citizens. Findings showed that among the variables of age, gender, occupation, ethnicity, housing status (villas and apartments), property status (mortgage, rent and other cases), immigration, neighborhood reputation (reputation and notoriety), perceived risk Neighborhood, social and physical disorder, protective measures, ethnic diversity, police satisfaction, marital status, education, social alienation and social trust all contribute to fear of crime. According to the results of regression analysis, variables of protective measures, social disorder, social trust, age, housing status, type of migration, perceived risk, local connection and duration of residence explain changes in fear in Kabul city.